Which phenomenon describes voltage appearing in a conductor due to nearby energized lines?

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Induction is the mechanism here. When a power line carries alternating current, its magnetic field changes with time. A nearby conductor forms a loop and intercepts some of this changing magnetic flux, which Faraday’s law says induces an electromotive force in that conductor. That induced voltage can appear even without any direct electrical contact to the line. This inductive coupling is the reason you can see voltage on nearby conductors or equipment. It’s different from inductive reactance, which is about how a circuit component resists AC, capacitance which involves energy stored in an electric field between conductors, and a ground fault, which is current leaking to ground through damaged insulation. In this scenario, induction best explains the voltage appearing in the conductor.