What is a complete repetition of the sine wave pattern called?

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A complete repetition of a sine wave pattern is called a cycle. It’s the full oscillation from a starting point, through all intermediate values, back to the same point and orientation. Within one cycle you can identify features like a crest (the highest point) and a trough (the lowest point). The length of time for one cycle is the period, and how many cycles occur each second is the frequency. Phase refers to where you are within the cycle at a given moment, not the repetition itself.