What factor makes loop systems more expensive than radial systems?

• A. Larger conductors and extra capacity
• B. Shorter feeders
• C. Fewer substations
• D. Fewer protection devices

Answer: (A)

Loop systems cost more because they require larger conductors and extra capacity to handle power flowing from multiple directions and to accommodate higher fault currents. In a loop, power can come from either end, so the wiring must be sized to carry the worst-case load and to maintain voltage along the entire loop, which adds material cost. This setup also calls for additional protection and switching equipment to manage the two-way power flow and to isolate faults and reconfigure the circuit as needed. Shorter feeders would reduce some material, but they don’t eliminate the need for the bigger conductors and extra capacity that loops demand. Fewer substations or fewer protection devices would not fit how loop systems operate, since these features are typically added to improve reliability and control.