In electrical terms, what does E represent?

• A. Current
• B. Resistance
• C. Volts
• D. Power

Answer: (C)

E represents electromotive force—the voltage a source provides to push current through a circuit. It is measured in volts, so it corresponds to Volts. This distinguishes it from current, which is the flow of charge (usually denoted I); resistance, which opposes current (denoted R); and power, the rate of energy transfer (denoted P). In a simple loop, emf is the driving voltage, and if there’s internal resistance, the terminal voltage is V = E − I r, showing E as the driving force rather than the actual current or the resistance.