Fault current is defined as the amount of what current that a system can deliver to a fault or short circuit?

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Fault current is the current that would flow when a fault occurs. The term describes the actual current delivered to the fault path, not the voltage or any other quantity. It’s determined by the supply voltage and the total impedance of the circuit in the fault condition, so it’s about how much current, in amperes, can flow. Voltage is what drives current, but the fault current itself is the current. Impedance and power describe other aspects of the system, but the quantity defined by a fault is the current.