An amp refers to the _____.

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An ampere measures the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor. It is defined as one coulomb passing a point every second. Saying an ampere is the rate of flow of electrons is a practical way to express that idea since electrons are the charge carriers in most circuits. This makes it the best choice because current describes how much charge moves per unit time, not how much total charge is present, not the resistance, and not the driving voltage. The other terms describe different quantities: amount of charge is measured in coulombs, resistance in ohms, and voltage is the potential difference driving the current.